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Indonesia: Sumatra


Map of Indonesia
 
 
 
 
Current Crop Comments:

In some respects, Sumatra is now a year-round arrival, but there are still some noticeable cycles when quality hits a peak. The Takengon Classic is from the Aceh area of Sumatra (north of Lintong) and is distinct from the Dolok Sanggul, even though it is the same cultivar included in both coffees. The Takengon Classic is more of what people typically look for in Sumatra, a big body, low acid, earthy coffee, whereas the Dolok Sanggul is that but a bit sweeter and lighter bodied. Our other Sumatra is from Sidikalang, in the Lake Toba region, and is bold, with some sweetness. For images of not-so-clean Sumatran coffee, be sure to look at photos from my trip to this area in late 2008.


Very mature old coffee trees in Takengon area of Aceh, where our "Classic Mandheling" comes from.

Arabica coffee production in Sumatra began in the 18th century under Dutch colonial domination, introduced first to the northern region of Aceh around Lake Tawar. Coffee is still widely produced in these northern regions of Aceh (Takengon, Bener Mariah) as well as in the Lake Toba region (Lintong Nihuta, Dairi-Sidikalang, Siborongborong, Dolok Sanggul, and Seribu Dolok) to the southwest of Medan. In the past, Sumatra coffees have not been sold by region, because presumably the regional differences are not that distinct. Rather, the quality of the picking, preparation and processing of the coffee determines much of the cup character in this coffee. In fact, Sumatras are sold as Mandheling (Mandailing) which is simply the Indonesian ethnic group that was once involved in coffee production (see note below). The coffee is scored by defects in the cup, not physical defects of the green coffee. So a fairly ugly-looking green coffee can technically be called Grade 1 Mandheling.

Indonesians are available as a unique semi-washed process and (rarely) fully-washed coffees. Semi-washed coffees are best described as "wet-hulled", localy called Giling Basah, and will have more body and often more of the "character" that makes Indonesians so appealing and slightly funky. In this process, the parchment coffee (the green seed with the parchment shell still attached) is very marginally dried, then stripped of the outer layer, revealing a white-colored, swollen green bean. Then the drying is completed on the patio (or in some cases, on the dirt), and the seed quickly turns to a dark green color.

There is a tendency to over-roast Indonesians. The reason is that they don't show as much roast color, and have a mottled appearance up until 2nd crack and even a bit into it. Don't let this make you think you have to roast them dark (although they can be nice this way too). Great Indonesians will be wonderful roasted just to the verge of 2nd crack but NOT into it at all. So ignore the wierd beans you see green, and ignore the mottled appearance of lighter roasts, and focus on the what you get in the CUP.

With prices high, you expect quality would be up to, but in general this is not the case: what's the incentive to pick and prepare the coffee better when the market guarantees a premium anyway? It's why we buy very selectively from Sumatra and cup our lots hard. What I have seen is blends of old crop and new crop early in the Grade 1 window (Nov-Jan in particular), which is a deceptive practice. Nonetheless, roasters need Sumatra and I am sure someone buys it ... someone who doesn't cup their lots that is! Problems aside, we have been able to find great Sumatras in both the rustic and the fancy triple-pick categories because we have established good relations directly with the sources. But because of the way Sumatra coffee is collected and resold in local markets, we can't buy at the farm gate in this origin, hence no Farm Gate status for Sumatra coffees.

Mandheling is an older Dutch spelling of Mandailing, which is an ethnic group, not a region. Here is an interesting anecdote on the use of Mandheling in the coffee trade. The grading of Sumatra coffees can be confusing. Many of our lots are standard, old-style Grade One grades that result in the classic, rustic, earthy flavor profile. But we also offer many super-grade lots throughout the year, so-called Triple-Pick coffees. These can be as complex, and intense, or sometimes more refined and broader in the overall range of flavors. For more about the different styles and classes of Sumatra, here are some additional comments. I also included a google map marking Takengon and Lake Toba here. For more pictures of Sumatra than you would ever care to see, visit our travelogs for the Lake Toba- Lintong area, and the Lake Tawar-Aceh area.


Wet-hulled (Giling Basah) process technique gives Sumatras that unique cup character. Left, the whitish, swollen bean right out of the wet-huller, right, the dark green dried coffee on the patio

Sumatra has a range of cultivars. The original Typica type was brought from Yemen or Ethiopia via India. This is sometimes called Jember Typica. There are 2 main typica types: Bergandal and Sidikalang. Hibrido de Timor, a cross between arabica and robusta is sometimes found with the name "TimTim" ... we offered TimTim Blangili a while back. Caturra and Catimor are present, sometimes with local names. Ethiopia strains were reintroduced with the names Rambung and Abyssinia, which were brought to Java in 1928, and later to Aceh, Sumatra. Another group of Ethiopian varieties found in Sumatra are called “USDA". Knowing the specific cultivar is nearly impossible, and they are often a mix of many. In Sulawesi for example, Djember means S-795 from India, not a pure Typica. Our Classic Mandheling is a pure selection of local Ateng with a large bean size. Our Lintongs are a mix of Onan Ganjang, Djembers and Ateng types. All of this is really second fiddle to the process flavors, the Indonesia wet-hull method called Giling Basah. Process flavors trump all in the Sumatra cup -Tom


Tom with Eko and Eduardo in Lintong Nihota, talking coffee agronomy, no doubt.

 


Our Sumatran Offerings: (You will need to read the reference page to interpret terms and numbers used below).


 
Sumatra Sidikalang
Sidikalang is a city and district immediately to the west of Lake Toba, the massive crater lake in North Sumatra. While it is near Lintong, Dolok Sanggul and other growing areas we source lots from, Sidikalang coffees have a different flavor profile, more like a classic Mandheling. Part of this is due to micro-climates and influences from the Lake, part is due to the cultivar. The area has it's own special long bean type, a form of Typica. Sidikalang is found less and less frequently in Sumatra and other parts of Indonesia. Much of the Typica was lost in the late 1880s, when Coffee Leaf Rust swept through Indonesia. However, both the Bergendal and Sidikalang varieties of Typica can still be found, especially at higher altitudes and in remote areas. The area around Sidikalang is still partly planted in it's eponymous cultivar. I can't say exactly how much is this old Typica type but a good portion certainly is. Anyway, we bought this for the nice cup character ... the dry fragrance has a spicy sweet quality, aromatic woody tones, foresty. The wet aroma has caramel and cream sweetness with vanilla hints. It reminds me of Cajeta, a really delicious Mexican caramel sauce. There is also a mango and papaya fruited tone to the aroma, which also comes out in the cup flavors. The cup is a culmination of the aromatics; scented wood and forest floor flavors, mulling spice mix, melon and papaya fruit notes. There's a banana bread flavor that comes our in the City + roast level as the cup cools; wonderful! While the cup balances out towards body, and has low acidity, there is still a moderate brightness though the long finish. It's not your typical Toba area coffee, which can be herbal to an excessive degree. It has a slight banana peel dryness in the finish, and enough rustic funk to remind you it is a true Sumatra cup.



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Sumatra Sidikalang
$5.15$9.79$22.40$42.75$79.31
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Ripe coffee cherry near Lake Toba, from my last trip to Sumatra
Country: Sumatra
Grade: One
Region: Sidikalang, West Lake Toba, North Sumatra
Mark: Sidikalang
Processing: Giling Basah (wet-hulled)
Crop: December 2008 Arrival
Appearance: .2 d/300gr, 17-18 Screen
Varietal: Sidikalang cultivar
Intensity/Prime Attribute: Medium-Bold intensity / Rustic sweetness, fruit and spice
Roast: City+ to FC+ to Vienna. I preferred Full City to Full City+ in my tests, but enjoyed the banana bread note at C+ roast.
Compare to: Similar to Lintongs in sweetness, but without that herbal character found in other North Sumatra coffees.
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Sumatra Takengon Classic
Formerly offered as Classic Mandheling, the name seems less suited to any coffee from Sumatra these days. Why? Mandheling has been been loosely applied to any coffee from North Sumatra or Aceh district, but the actual Mandheling district has little coffee remaining but some low-land robusta. Mandheling was a historical name. We can respect that, but we like like to keep the romance in check, and prefer some real-world specifics. Indeed, this is a special coffee from a small area near Takengon, the city on the shores of Lake Tawar in the Gayo area of Aceh. And it has "classic" Sumatra character, that reverberant, deep-toned, mildly earthy, low acid heavy body cup. This sub region has unique plant material too; our classic comes from trees that predominately have large cherries, resulting in 18-19 screen green coffee. This coffee is grown by smallholder farmers and when I visited there it was clear that the trees were unique in form and the very large cherries. Whether this is a TimTim, Ateng or Djember cultivar is unknown at this point, but I walked the farms with Andy Irham and his father, local Takengon coffee millers who source this lot for us, and they believe this is a local mutation of old seedstock from the early days of coffee in the Gayo area. What I have found consistently is a great flavor profile; aggressive, yet with a foresty sweetness too, hints of earth, but not dirty or musty. The fragrance from the dry grounds has semi-sweet chocolate roast tones (FC+) with woody tree bark hints and darkly caramelized sugar sweetness. Adding water, the tenor-to-bass range of the cup is clear, reiterating what we find in the dry fragrance, with the addition of a deep sandalwood aromatic, brown bread, bran muffin, and molasses. Low acidity means the cup has less dimension and perceived complexity ... but that's what a Sumatra is all about as well; heavy body, chocolate, a coffee profile painted in earth-shades. While the cup showcases pleasing bitterness over sweetness, there is clear presence of both; dark brown sugar, baker's chocolate. There is a touch of black pepper in the finish, as well as earthy tones, and a bit of truffles. There are also muted ripe fruits; plum-prune, fig. Of course, a coffee with this flavor profile doesn't chart well on a cupping form, hence the strong use of the Cupper's Correction.



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Sumatra Takengon Classic
$5.10$9.69$22.18$42.33$78.54
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One of the small-holder plots where our Takengon Classic is grown, near Takengon.
Country: Sumatra
Grade: 1
Region: Takengon Gayo area, Aceh
Mark: Classic
Processing: Semi-washed (but called "dry")
Crop: October 2008 Arrival
Appearance: .6 d/300gr, 18-19
Varietal: Ateng, Djember, TimTim
Intensity/Prime Attribute: Medium to Bold / Body, earth, low acid
Roast: Full City+. Sumatra can be roasted on either side of 2nd crack. It works great for darker roasts and blends too. Sumatra appears lighter to the eye than the actual degree of roast, when compared to other coffees visually. People tend to prefer more roast on this coffee, but I enjoy it at a City+ stage (properly rested for 24 hours) where the surface is dry looking and a bit variegated (unsmooth and patchy color).
Compare to: "Mandheling" coffees of the best caliber, but truly this special large bean coffee from an old tree form is a notch above. At darker roasts this coffee is preferred for espresso uses over the Lintong lots we offer.
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Archived Reviews

To view reviews for out of stock coffees, visit our Sumatra Coffee Archives.


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